Prepress is where the artwork is trapped, imposed on the sheet and proofed, and where the dieline the structure was approved on becomes the geometry every downstream operation works to.
Trapping is the small overlap that keeps a hairline of white board from showing where two inks meet, set for this press. Imposition is how many cartons fall on a sheet and in which orientation. It decides the yield, and yield is most of the difference between two quotes for the same carton. Proofing turns a Pantone number into an approved physical reference, viewed under D65 and TL84.
The plates go to the press with CIP3 and CIP4 ink presetting data taken from the same file. The ink keys start where the artwork sets them, not where an operator estimates from the first sheet, so the head of the run is short and close to color from the start. Make ready is measured in sheets rather than hundreds of sheets, on every reorder too.
The approved standard is retained against your part number, and every run that follows is corrected against it. A reorder here is a repeat of the first run.